Downtown+Magnets+High+School+-+Jeremy+Chavez+&+Long+You

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__**Inherency**__ There is no funding for a one-way mission in the status quo Kaufman 11, Washington Post Writer(Marc, Vancouver Sun, 5-25-11, “Would you go to Mars, knowing you’d (probably) never come back?”, http://www.vancouversun.com/technology/Would+Mars+knowing+probably+never+come+back/4838656/story.html, accessed 6-1-11)

" __Our initial goal was to...____expected in the years ahead.__ ** Thus the plan: the United States Federal Government should fully fund the development and deployment of a one-way human mission to Mars. **   **__ ADVANTAGE 1 – Overview __**   **Human divisiveness is the root cause of all contemporary violence, the status quo risks extinction**  **Atkinson 2005** (Robert, Diversity Scholar at the College of Education and Human Development University of Southern Maine, “TEACHING FOR DIVERSITY, MULTICULTURAL VALUES & WORLD MINDEDNESS” http://web1.uct.usm.maine.edu/~atkinson/diversity/TeachingforDiversityMV&WM1.pdf)

As the world’s peoples find themselves... __our social institutions are__ both __very evident.__ **Committing to space colonization enacts an overview effect, inaugurating the spirit of human wholeness and connectedness—this framework solves for human fragmentation and violent divisiveness** O’Neill 08 ,PhD in solar physics, May 22,TheHuman Brain in Space: Euphoria and the "Overview Effect" Experienced by Astronauts(Ian, May 22, ’08. The Human Brain in Space: Euphoria and the "Overview Effect" Experienced by Astronauts, page @ http://www.universetoday.com/2008/05/22/....-by-astronauts)

When in space, astronauts have repeatedly ... Newberg hopes to find some answers.

The overview effect establishes concern for the well-being of Earth, this effect spills over and affects the politics of the future White 1998 (Frank White, senior associate of the Space Studies Institute in Princeton, The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution, 40-41, 6-26-11, DS)

Spaceflight is one of the more powerful...path with the Sky lab program. **A framework of human solidarity is key to combating all forms of oppression** **Balasuriya 2000** (Tissa, Director of the Centre of Society and Religion in Sri Lanka, “Globalization and Human Solidarity”, http://www.religion-online.org/showchapter.asp?title=1449&C=1279)

A culture may be seen to be, in a sense...Christian salvific mission towards others.

**Humanity is on the brink of the cosmic consciousness shift necessary to bring about a unified Earth** **Cashford, 2003** (Jules, The Moon: Myth and Image, p 364, this chapter available electronically at  http://www.mnemosynefoundation.com/main_troubadourpress_cashford_2.htm) We may ask, then, metaphorically... __earth as of one harmonious being?__

__**ADVANTAGE 2 – Colonization**__ **Geographic isolation supercharges every impact in the status quo—plan disperses the species to solve.** Sowers 2 (George F., “The Transhumanist Case forSpace” April 2002, [], accessed 6-9-11)

What kinds of future events should... __own stupidity or just bad luck.__

And, now is uniquely key — multiple extinction scenarios mean get off the rock. **Popular Science 11** (March, “AFTER EARTH: Why? Where? How? When?” Pg. 46 Vol. 278 No. 3)

Earth won't always be fit for occupation... __cultural achievements and traditions.__ Mars colonization efforts key—everywhere else fails: multiple warrants. **Zubrin 97** (Robert, 1997, Aerospace engineer, president of Mars Society and Pioneer Astronautics, “The Viability of Colonizing Mars”, http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Tech/Space/mars.html)

Among extraterrestrial bodies in our solar system... __mining or scientific outpost, can be developed.__ **Terraforming is inevitable and solves all their defense.** **Zubrin 95** (Robert, aerospace engineer at Lockheed Martin and author of numerous books on Mars exploration, “The Economic Viability of Mars Colonization”, [] )

If a viable Martian civilization can...could be created in about 30 years. **There is an ethical obligation to reduce the risk of extinction through space colonization** **Matheny, 2011** (Jason Gaverick Matheny, research associate with the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, “Ought we worry about human extinction?”, [] )

This paper supports Parfit’s conclusion...survive long enough __to colonize space.__

****__ ADVANTAGE 3 __******__ – __****__ TECH __** **Independently, the plan causes spinoff tech which solves water and resource scarcity** **Rampelotto 11** - Department of Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Brazil. (Pabula Henrique, “Why Send Humans to Mars? Looking Beyond Science” []

The engineering challenges necessary to accomplish... __of and prolong the existence of resources on Earth.__ **Water scarcity ensures extinction – the timeframe is 2025** **NASCA 04** [“Water shortages – only a matter of time,” National Association for Scientific and Cultural Appreciation, http://www.nasca.org.uk/Strange_relics_/water/water.html]

Water is one of the prime essentials for...with a nightmare situation for which there will be no obvious answer.

**And** **the** **plan** **is** **key** **to** **fusion** **development** **Zubrin** **2011** – president of pioneer Astronautics and the founder of the Mars Society, former senior engineer at Lockheed Martin Astronautics, master’s degree in aeronautics and astronautics and a Ph.D.innuclearengineering(“TheCaseForMars:Theplantosettletheredplanetandwhywemust”, RevisedJune28,2011,Epilogue)

__A__ __prime__ __example__ __of__ __the__ __Martian__ __frontier...____massively__ __benefit__ __the__ __mother__ __planet__ __as__ __well.__

**Fossil fuels are running out and status quo renewables cannot replace them - only fusion solves economic collapse from oil shocks and global warming** **Smith****2005** (ChrisLlewyn,Euratom/UKAEAFusionAssociation,CulhamScienceCentre,FusionEngineeringandDesign,#74)

The International Energy Agency predicts that __...__ reliable, economical fusion power stations? __**Solvency**__

**The Falcon 9 heavy rocket can get us there** **Zubrin 11**, (Robert, Wall Street Journal, “How We Can Fly to Mars in This Decade—And on the Cheap”, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703730804576317493923993056.html?mod=googlenews_wsj, accessed 5-31-11 )

SpaceX, a private firm that develops... __accomplished with three Falcon-9 Heavy launches.__

**One-way to Mars is cheap, quick, survivable, technologically feasible, and key to stopping extinction of the human race.** **Geranios 10** (Nicholas, MSNBC, 11/15/2010, “Scientists propose one-way trips to Mars”, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40194872/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/scientists-propose-one-way-trips-mars/)

Invoking the spirit of "Star Trek" in...s olar system and likely beyond."

**Only a one-way mission will solve.** **Schulze-Makuch and Davies 10**, environmental science@Washington State, Beyond Center@ASU,10 (Dirk and Paul, “[|To Boldly Go: A One-Way Human Mission to Mars],”Journal of Cosmology, Vol. 12, p. [], accessed: 20 June 2011)

The exploration of Mars has been...mount a hugely expensive return mission.

**We can use Mars’ resources for water, fuel, construction, and more. This also means a faster timetable for the colony** **Mars Society,06** (The Mars Society/Dr. Robert Zubrin, no date given [between ’05 and ‘07], “Mars Direct”, [])

Mars Direct is a sustained humans-to-Mars... human exploration of the solar system.

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