Cal+Prep+-+Jason+Auro+&+William+Hampton-Bruce

toc =Affirmative=

Plan: William and I should deconstruct the rhetoric and ideology of the resolution in order to liberate society.

Space projects are motivated by the desire to incorporate outer space into capitalism’s productive processes.
===Dickens 10 (Peter, Professor of Sociology – University of Brighton and Cambridge, UK, “The Humanization of the Cosmos – To What End?”, Monthly Review, 62(6), November, 6-6, http://monthlyreview.org/archives/2010/volume-62-issue-06-november-2010)===

The desire to explore and develop space is not neutral – it is rooted in capitalist ideology that perpetuate the “take over” ideology.
Parker U of Leicester School of Management 2009 Martin The Sociological Review Volume 57 Wiley Online

Space exploration spills over to capitalist domination of space through all avenues of exploration/ development.
Parker U of Leicester School of Management 2009 Martin The Sociological Review Volume 57 Wiley Online

Our critique comes first – rhetorical analysis precedes policymaking because the affirmative's discourse shapes policy implementation.

 * Dauber 1** (Cori, communication studies professor, The Shots Seen ‘Round the World, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhetoric_and_public_affairs/v004/4.4dauber.html, AG)

(Peter, “The Cosmos as Capitalism’s Outside,” The Sociological Review, 57: 66–82, dml)
 * Space exploration is merely an outlet for the state to expand itself – potential wars will be fought over new resources –. **
 * Dickens 9 – * ** Visiting Professor of Sociology at the University of Essex

Space exploration spills over to capitalist domination of space
Parker U of Leicester School of Management 2009 Martin The Sociological Review Volume 57 Wiley Online

Space exploration replicates the ideology of empire
MacDonlad Lecturer in Human Geography at U of Melbourne 2007 Fraser Progress in Human Geography http://www.landfood.unimelb.edu.au/rmg/geography/papers/anti-outerspace.pdf

Imperialism necessitates endless systems of war and global inequality
Foster research at the North South Institute 2003 John Imperial America and War, Monthly Review, May 28 http://www.monthlyreview.org/0503jbf.htm

=Negative=

1. SAMPLE TEXT: The United States federal government should give twenty-five years of tax free treatment to any United States-based corporation that demonstrates the ability to

2. A tax holiday solves and avoids the critisism Walker, 2 [Bob, former science adviser to President George W. Bush, in Edward Lee’s, formerly director of regulatory studies for the Cato Institute, //Space: The Free-Market Frontier//, pg. Google books, AVLB, JY]

3.Only the private sector solves-Tax incentives are key Tumlinson, 5 [Rick, Co-founder of the Space Frontier Foundation, “Private Industry Can Help NASA Open the Space Frontier” Space News, [], BZ]

1. The counterplan bans ASATs – this solves the Chinese threat
Su, Jinyuan. 2010. (Jinyuan Su is a fellow of The Silk Road Institute of International Law, School of Law, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China)("The “peaceful purposes” principle in outer space and the Russia/China PPWT Proposal." Space Policy 26.2 (2010): 81. Web. .)jk

2. The U.S. should to enter negotiations with China and Russia to ratify the PPWT. Old problems have been addressed.
Su, Jinyuan. 2010. (Jinyuan Su is a fellow of The Silk Road Institute of International Law, School of Law, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China)("The “peaceful purposes” principle in outer space and the RussiaeChina PPWT Proposal." Space Policy 26.2 (2010): 81. Web. .)jk

3. China would launch a pre-emptive strike on U.S. NMD systems
FitzGerald, Mary. 2007. (Research Fellow, Hudson Institute)("China’s Military Modernization and its Impact on the United States and the Asia-Pacific ." China’s Military Strategy for Space (2007): 83. Web. .)jk

//The United States Federal Government should incorporate thorium as a primary fuel source for nuclear energy and permanently extend the research and development tax credit for the aerospace industry.//


 * Thorium is the best energy option we have to date. It is abundant, cheap and more efficient than current fuel sources. It will also help solve issues in proliferation, nuclear waste, energy crisis, global warming, meltdowns, and it is also something that we can and must do now in order stay competitive in the market.**
 * Washington 03/15/12** **from an online financial analysis website** (George Washington, two year contributor to Zerohedge, an American [|financial] [|blog] . It reports on [|Wall Street] and the financial [|sector] and is credited with bringing the controversial practice of [|flash trading] to public attention in 2009 via a series of posts alleging that [|Goldman Sachs] ' access to flash order information allowed the firm to gain unfair profits. The blog is written by a group of people who write under the [|pseudonym] " [|Tyler Durden] ". Though derided by the [|mainstream press] as being fraught with [|conspiracy theories], the blog grew quickly and has been called a "blog sensation". “America Is Letting China Steal Our Valuable Nuclear Innovations”, []

Space weapons=death 1nc Shell

Obama’s committed to preventing space weaponization in the squo Lake 11 (Eli Lake-staff writer, the Washington Times, “U.S., EU eye anti-satellite weapons pact” [])

Specific case

That means a global space arms race-and deterrence framework is nullified by first strike and miscalc Hitchens 08 [Theresa, author of “Future Security In Space: Charting a Cooperative Course,” continues to write on space and nuclear arms control issues for a number of outside publications, March, “Space Wars”, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=31334623&site=bsi-live]

That means a global space arms race-and deterrence framework is nullified by first strike and miscalc Hitchens 08 [Theresa, author of “Future Security In Space: Charting a Cooperative Course,” continues to write on space and nuclear arms control issues for a number of outside publications, March, “Space Wars”, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=31334623&site=bsi-live]

** Increased deployment of defensive space weapons sparks weaponization. ** ** BBC 11 ** (4/19, “Russian envoy's statement at UN Disarmament Commission session,” p.ln) 7/29/11 K. harris ** Defensive weaponization provokes China – Previous commitments and BMD prove. ** ** Gertz 11 ** – Staff Writer for the Washington Times (Bill, 3/3, “Inside the Ring,” Washington Times, p.ln) 7/29/11 K. harris

Weaponization hurts arms control agreements, space assets, and the environment
Maogoto & Freeland 8 – Jackson Nyamuya Maogoto, Senior Lecturer in International Law, University of Newcastle, **AND Steven Freeland, Associate Professor in International Law, University of Western Sydney (Australia);

A. The Link: The plan is a last ditch effort at averting crisis by making an ‘outer spatial fix’ to resolve the core contradictions of capitalism

Dickens 10 (Peter, Affiliated Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Politics, Psychology, Sociology and International Studies, University of Cambridge, "The Humanization of the Cosmos—To What End?," AD: 6-29-11, jam)

B. Impact: The search for outer spatial fixes to capitalism causes Star Wars- whole societies will be obliterated

===Dickens and Ormrod 7 (Peter, Affiliated Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Politics, Psychology, Sociology and International Studies, U of Cambridge, and J.S., Senior Lecturer of Applied Social Science @ U of Brighton, "Cosmic society: towards a sociology of the universe," book, p. 63-64, jam)===

C. Our alternative is to vote negative to refuse to participate in activities which support capitalism. We must hollow out capitalist structures by refusing to invest our energy in reforms and rescue operations

Herod 2004 (James, Getting Free, http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/06.htm)

===1. Security is not a goal, but a set of typical actions and justifications offered for those actions. The representations within the 1AC construct grave security impacts to justify the plan out of fear. This threat construction paves the way for spirals of violence because the securitization of policy-making foments a self-fulfilling prophecy through the security dilemma.=== === Øyvind Jæger, @ Norweigian Institute of International Affairs and the Copenhagen Peace Research Institute, 2k [//Peace and Conflict Studies// 7.2, “Securitizing Russia: Discoursive Practice of the Baltic States,” [|http://shss.nova.edu/pcs/journalsPDF/V7N2.pdf#page=32] ] ===


 * The Affirmative perpetuates our media’s obsession with brief, episodic accounts of catastrophic violence. These representations paralyze the public audience, transforming them into docile viewers subject to manipulation by those safe-guarding their sovereignty and security.**
 * The Framework Institute 01** (Communicating Global Interdependence, A Frameworks Message Memo, 2001)

James Der Derian, Professor of International Studies, Brown University, 200 5 , Predicting the Present, Vol. 27 (3) - Fall 2005, http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/1430/
 * 2. The Affirmative’s elaborate scenarios are a recipe for disaster—the belief that management can solve crisis results in a bureaucratization effect, which makes catastrophe inevitable. **

David **Owen,** Social Science—University of Southampton, **and** Aaron **Ridley,** Philosophy—University of Southampton, **2000.** Why Nietzsche Still? Reflections on Drama, Culture, and Politics, ed. Alan d. Schrift, p. 149-54
 * 3. The Last Man—their attempt to abolish suffering from the world results in absolute leveling of difference the culmination of which is a suicidal nihilism in which life becomes truly meaningless as we passively await our own deaths. We should instead respond to the crisis of devaluation of values by embracing our creativity—only saying yes to life in all of its suffering can make possible a way of being otherwise. **


 * Alternative:**


 * 4.Our Alternative solves because discussions of our motivations for action are as important as the action itself. Our ideas shape the outcomes of actions, that’s why the evaluation of ideas is at the root of policy making.**


 * Robertson 2000 (Ann, Professor Behavioral Medicine University of Toronto, 2000, Promoting Health Behavior, ed. Daniel Callanhan, P. 89)**

A. Definition: Exploration is human presence in Earth’s orbit and beyond

 * Logsdon 7 ** (John Logsdon is former Director of the Space Policy Institute at [|The George Washington University]. [|[1]] He is a current member of the [|NASA Advisory Council]. “A Sustainable

Jeremiah Buckley et all, (attorney Amicus Curiae Brief, Safeco Ins. Co. of America et al v. Charles Burr et al) 20 06. http://supreme.lp.findlaw.com/supreme_court/briefs/06-84/06-84.mer.ami.mica.pdf)
 * Topicality - Increase Not create**
 * 1) A. Interpretation: Increasing requires a pre existing premium to determine the exact increase